Other Sampling Methods In Statistics

In statistics, sampling is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

1. Simple random sampling

~ is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population). Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process, and each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k individuals.

2. Systematic sampling

~ is a statistical method involving the selection of elements from an ordered sampling frame. The most common form of systematic sampling is an equal-probability method, in which every k^th element in the frame is selected.

3. Stratified sampling

~ is a method of sampling from a population. Stratification is the process of dividing members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The strata should be mutually exclusive: every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum. The strata should also be collectively exhaustive: no population element can be excluded. Then random or systematic sampling is applied within each stratum.

4. Probability proportional to size sampling

~ is a sampling method in which the selection probability for each element is set to be proportional to its size measure, up to a maximum of 1.

5. Cluster sampling

~  is a sampling technique used when "natural" groupings are evident in a statistical population. It is often used in marketing research. In this technique, the total population is divided into clusters and a sample of the groups is selected. Then the required information is collected from the elements within each selected group.

6. Matched random sampling 

~ is a method of assigning participants to groups in which pairs of participants are first matched on some characteristic and then individually assigned randomly to groups.

7. Quota sampling 

~ is a method for selecting survey participants. In quota sampling, a population is first segmented into mutually exclusive sub-groups, just as in stratified sampling. Then judgment is used to select the subjects or units from each segment based on a specified proportion.

8.  Mechanical sampling 

~ is typically used in sampling solids,liquids, and gases. Using devices such as grabs, scoops, etc.

9. Convenience sampling

~ is a type of non-probability sampling which involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population which is close to hand. That is, a sample population selected because it is readily available and convenient.

10. Line-intercept sampling 

~ is a method of sampling elements in a region whereby an element is sampled if a chosen line segment, called a “transect”, intersects the element.

11. Panel sampling 

~ is the method of first selecting a group of participants through a random sampling method and then asking that group for the same information again several times over a period of time. Therefore, each participant is given the same survey or interview at two or more time points.

12. Event sampling 

~ is a new form of sampling method that allows researchers to study ongoing experiences and events that vary across and within days in its naturally-occurring environment.